Editorial portraits
Portraits of Jamal Mahdad, Mohamed Boubkari and Martino Oosterveer were supplied by the publication. They are displayed without retouching.
Category photography
These photographs establish the subject of each section. They are file or illustrative images and do not depict the events in individual articles. Images are resized and responsively cropped.
Code review at NESA by Makers
Code review at NESA by Makers, Lagos, Nigeria, 2018. Photograph: Desola Lanre-Ologun / Unsplash. Original photograph · Unsplash License.
Server room with network cabinets
Data centre infrastructure. Illustrative photograph. Photograph: Taylor Vick / Unsplash. Original photograph · Unsplash License.
Factory of National Cement Share Company
National Cement Share Company plant, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, 2013. Photograph: Gavin Houtheusen / Department for International Development. Original photograph · CC BY 2.0.
Noor 1 and 2 - Ouarzazate Solar Power Station
Noor 1 and 2 solar installation, Ouarzazate, Morocco, 2019. Photograph: Richard Allaway / Wikimedia Commons. Original photograph · CC BY 2.0.
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Country flags
Flag icons from flag-icons v7.5.0, by Panayiotis Lipiridis. Nine unmodified SVG flags used for country identification. MIT licence.
Real places, photographed by their credited creators. Photographs are resized, cropped and displayed with restrained colour treatment.
Johannesburg skyline film
The skyline feature shows the Sandton skyline in Johannesburg, South Africa, at sunset. Footage by Agnieszka Taggart / Pexels · Original film · Pexels licence.
An 18-second excerpt from the original 3840 × 2160 footage is used in the edition and 4K player. Lighter versions are served on smaller screens. The still preview is a frame from the same film.
Nairobi skyline
Britam Tower and surrounding buildings at blue hour, Nairobi, photographed in 2025. Daniel Case / Wikimedia Commons · Original photograph · CC BY-SA 4.0. Resized from the 7152 × 4752 original, cropped and colour-treated for display; adaptations shared under the same licence.
Kigali business district
Kigali in daylight, Rwanda. Faustin NKURUNZIZA / Pexels · Original photograph · Pexels licence. Resized from the original 8256 × 5504 photograph, cropped for display.
Tanger Med container terminal
Container terminal and Maersk Congo, 2023: Bertrand SOUBEYRAND · Original photograph · CC BY-SA 4.0. Cropped; adapted photograph shared under the same licence.
Tangier panorama
Hamza Al Hajji · Original photograph · CC BY-SA 4.0. Cropped and colour-treated; adapted photograph shared under the same licence.
Johannesburg
South African Tourism · Original photograph · CC BY 2.0.
Durban container port
Media Club South Africa · Original photograph · CC BY-SA 2.0. Adapted photographic treatment shared under the same licence.
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Ikoyi, Lagos
Reginald Bassey · Original photograph · CC BY-SA 4.0. Adapted photographic treatment shared under the same licence.
Casablanca Finance City
Casablanca Finance City tower and surrounding architecture, photographed in 2023. AyourAchtouk / Wikimedia Commons · Original photograph · CC BY-SA 4.0. Orientation corrected, resized from the 4032 × 3024 original, cropped and colour-treated for display. Adaptations shared under the same licence. Used as an illustrative view of an African financial district.
Cairo skyline
© Vyacheslav Argenberg, photographed in 2007 · Original photograph · CC BY 4.0. Cropped for article presentation.
Tosin Eniolorunda
Portrait supplied on the Askya Investment Partners AI Growth Platform page. Photographer not specified. Used to identify the subject of editorial coverage; no endorsement is implied.
Company identification
Dangote, MTN and Moniepoint logos are sourced from their official media resources and are used only to identify the subjects of company profiles. No partnership or endorsement is implied. Dangote media · MTN logo · Moniepoint press kit.
Brand
The My Africa Observer logo was provided by the publication.